;WITH cteSample
AS(SELECT ID,LOAN_NBR,CURRENT_PRINCIPAL,LOAD_DT,LOAN_STATUS
	FROM (VALUES(1,'00001',1000,'2010-12-5','APPROVED')
			 ,(2,'00001',800,'2010-12-30','APPROVED')
			 ,(3,'00001',0,'2011-3-1', NULL)
			 ,(4,'00002',500,'2012-5-1','APPROVED')
			 ,(5,'00002',0,'2012-6-12','APPROVED')
			 ,(6,'00003',850,'2012-1-1','Pending')
			 ,(7,'00003',500,'2012-2-1','Approved')
			 ,(8,'00003',0,'2012-3-2','Approved')
		) A (ID,LOAN_NBR,CURRENT_PRINCIPAL,LOAD_DT,LOAN_STATUS)
	)
SELECT ID
		,LOAN_NBR
		,CURRENT_PRINCIPAL
		,LOAD_DT
		,A.LOAN_STATUS 
		,B.LOAN_STATUS 
FROM cteSample AS A
	OUTER APPLY
	(
		SELECT TOP(1)
			B.LOAN_STATUS
		FROM cteSample AS B
		WHERE 
			A.LOAN_NBR = B.LOAN_NBR
			AND A.ID > B.ID
		ORDER BY B.ID DESC
	)B
WHERE 
	A.CURRENT_PRINCIPAL =0
	AND (	(A.LOAN_STATUS <> B.LOAN_STATUS) 
			OR 
			(A.LOAN_STATUS IS NULL AND B.LOAN_STATUS IS NOT NULL)
		)
ORDER BY A.ID	

SELECT
	 ID
		,LOAN_NBR
		,CURRENT_PRINCIPAL
		,LOAD_DT
		,LOAN_STATUS 		
		,LOAN_STATUS_PREV
FROM
(		
	SELECT ID
			,LOAN_NBR
			,CURRENT_PRINCIPAL
			,LOAD_DT
			,A.LOAN_STATUS 		
			,LAG(A.LOAN_STATUS ,1,NULL) OVER(PARTITION BY LOAN_NBR ORDER BY ID) AS  LOAN_STATUS_PREV		
	FROM cteSample AS A	
)A
WHERE 
	A.CURRENT_PRINCIPAL =0
	AND (	(A.LOAN_STATUS <> A.LOAN_STATUS_PREV) 
			OR 
			(A.LOAN_STATUS IS NULL AND A.LOAN_STATUS_PREV IS NOT NULL)
		)
ORDER BY A.ID